Executions rise, China tops the list: Report

LONDON

The death chamber is seen through the steel bars. Last year’s global increase is due in part to more executions in Iran and Iraq, followed by Saudi Arabia, the report said. The number of officially acknowledged executions in Iran was at least 369, and 169 in Iraq.REUTERS Photo

The number of known executions worldwide rose almost 15 percent in 2013 following a surge in Iraq and Iran, Amnesty International said yesterday, but China remains the world’s biggest state executioner by far.

The report said the 778 judicial executions in 22 countries the group was able to count last year don’t include the thousands of people put to death in China, where such information is a state secret. Beijing is thought to have killed thousands of its own citizens, more than the rest of the world put together, the London-based human rights organization said. But the charity’s annual report on death sentences and executions worldwide said the Chinese authorities “continue to treat the figures on death sentences and executions as a state secret.”

“We need really to spotlight China’s secrecy around the death penalty,” Audrey Gaughran, Amnesty’s director of global issues told Agence France-Presse. “The authorities in China said that since 2007 they have reduced the use of the death penalty. So our challenge to them is if you have, publish the data and show us,” she said.

Although Beijing said in November it would reduce the number of crimes eligible for the death penalty from the current 55, it still led the top five countries using the death penalty in 2013, followed by Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the United States. The rise in the known judicial uses of the death penalty, from at least 682 in 2012, was chiefly due to Iraq and Iran, the report said.

Iran put at least 369 people to death in 2013, up from at least 314 in 2012, and Amnesty said there was credible evidence from sources in the country that at least 335 further executions were carried out in secret. Iraq executed at least 169 people in 2013, a sharp rise on the 40 given the death penalty in 2011 and 101 put to death in 2010, with death sentences there often passed after “grossly unfair trials,” the report said.

‘Wrong side of history’

“The virtual killing sprees we saw in countries like Iran and Iraq were shameful,” said Amnesty secretary general Salil Shetty. “But those states who cling to the death penalty are on the wrong side of history and are, in fact, growing more and more isolated.

“Only a small number of countries carried out the vast majority of these senseless state-sponsored killings. They can’t undo the overall progress already made towards abolition.” People were executed in 22 countries in 2013, one more than the previous year, although Indonesia, Kuwait, Nigeria and Vietnam all resumed use of the death penalty. But Shetty said that despite this, “the long-term trend is clear, the death penalty is becoming a thing of the past.”

Outside China, almost 80 percent of executions worldwide were carried out by Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Only five other countries have executed in each of the past five years: Bangladesh, North Korea, Sudan, the United States and Yemen. Executions in 2013 were recorded for crimes including adultery, in Saudi Arabia; blasphemy, in Pakistan; economic crimes in China, North Korea and Vietnam; enmity against God, in Iran and reportedly in North Korea for pornography, escaping to China and watching banned videos from South Korea, Amnesty International said.

In a separate list, of death sentences passed last year, Egypt was eighth, with at least 109, but that figure may swell in next year’s report after an Egyptian court Monday sentenced 529 supporters of deposed President Mohamed Morsi to death, the largest mass sentencing in modern Egyptian history.

Methods of execution included hanging, beheading, electrocution, shooting and lethal injection. “We urge all governments who still kill in the name of justice to impose a moratorium on the death penalty immediately, with a view to abolishing it,” Shetty said.